Nilgiri the Blue Mountains

The name “Nilgiris” or “Neelgiris” translates to “Blue Mountains” has its origins rooted in both the visual and botanical characteristics of the region.

Visual Phenomenon

Blue Haze: The Nilgiri are often enveloped in a blue haze, giving the mountains a bluish tint when viewed from a distance. This phenomenon is attributed to the dense forests and the specific vegetation in the area.

Rayleigh scattering: Scientifically, the blue appearance can be explained by Rayleigh scattering, where the shorter blue wavelengths of sunlight are scattered more than the longer red wavelengths by the atmospheric particles and the forest cover. This effect is similar to why the sky appears blue.

Botanical Influence

Eucalyptus Trees: The introduction of eucalyptus trees to the region and many other species, release volatile organic compounds (Isoprene) into the atmosphere, also contributes to the bluish hue. While eucalyptus was introduced by the British in the 19th century for its commercial value, its visual impact on the landscape has been noteworthy.

Neela Kurinji Flowers: The hills are famous for the “Neela Kurinji” (Strobilanthes kunthiana), a shrub that blooms once every 12 years, covering the slopes with a blue-purple carpet. This rare and stunning bloom further reinforces the association with the colour blue.

Cultural and Historical Context

Indigenous names: The local tribes, including the Todas, have historically recognized the unique colour of the hills and contributed to the naming through their languages and descriptions.

Colonial Influence: During British rule, the term “Nilgiris” was adopted in official records and maps, cementing its usage in modern geography and culture.

Local Legends: According to local lore, the blue hue is also tied to the legends and stories of the indigenous tribes. Some myths suggest that the blue colour is a divine blessing on the hills, believed to be the abode of gods and spirits.

Visual Beauty

Tourism Appeal: The name “Blue Mountains” adds to the mystique and allure of the Nilgiris, making it a popular destination for tourists seeking the serene and picturesque landscapes.

The name “Nilgiris” encapsulates the enchanting visual experience and the rich natural and cultural history of the region. The “blue” aspect is a symbolic and literal reflection of the landscape’s unique charm.