- Manufacturing industries
NCERT questions:
- Multiple choice questions:
(i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
a) Aluminium
b) Cement
c) Plastic
d) Automobile
Ans. b) Cement
(ii) Which one of the following agencies market steel for the public sector plants?
a) HAIL
b) SAIL
c) Tata Steel
d) MNIC
Ans. b) SAIL
(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
a) Aluminium smelting
b) Cement
c) Paper
d) Steel
Ans. a) Aluminium smelting
(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer etc.?
a) Steel
b) Aluminium smelting
c) Electronic
d) Information Technology
Ans. c) Electronic
- Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words:
(i) What is manufacturing?
Ans. Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
(ii) Name any three physical factors that affect the location of the industry.
Ans. The three factors are:
a) Availability of raw materials
b) Power resource
c) Favourable climate
(iii) Name any three human inputs that control the location of industries.
Ans.
a) Labour
b) Market
c) Transport facilities
(iv) What are the basic industries? Give an example.
Ans.
a) The iron and steel industry is the basic industry since all the other industries – heavy, medium and light depend on it.
b) Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction materials, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods.
(v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement.
Ans. Limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum are important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement.
- Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words:
(i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to our price in the production capacity?
Ans.
a) An integrated steel plant is large and handles everything in one complex from putting together raw materials to steal, making, rolling, and shipping.
b) Mini steel plants are smaller, have electric furnaces, use steel scrap and sponge iron. They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well. They produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications.
c) Though India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world, yet we are not able to perform to our full potential largely due to:
i) High costs and limited availability of coking coal
ii) Lower productivity of labour
iii) Irregular supply of energy
iv) Poor infrastructure.
d) We also import good quality steel from other countries, however, the overall production of steel is sufficient to meet our domestic demand.
e) Liberalisation and foreign direct investment have given a boost to the industry with the efforts of private entrepreneurs.
f) There is a need to allocate resources for research and development to produce steel more competitively.
(ii) How do industries pollute the environment?
Ans.
a) Industries have increased pollution and degraded the environment.
b) Industries create four types of pollution, mainly air, water, land and noise.
c) The smoke emitted by the industry pollutes the air and water immensely. Air pollution is caused by the presence of a higher proportion of undesirable gases, such as carbon monoxide and sulphur oxide.
d) Source of water pollution are numerous. Most important is the industrial effluent that discharges into rivers.
e) They are both organic and inorganic. They pollute the water.
f) Unwanted loud noise is also pollution. It arises from industries and the different means of transport. Noise causes impairment to hear.
(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry.
Ans.
a) Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it is done in two or more successive stages.
b) Harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements.
c) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds.
d) Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
i) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
ii) Secondary treatment by biological process.
iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. This involves the recycling of wastewater.
CBSE Questions:
(From the previous year board papers)
- Why the Chhota Nagpur Plateau region has maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?
The location of any manufacturing industry is largely influenced by the availability of raw material and closeness to the market. As Chhota Nagpur plateau consists of wide ranging minerals, especially the metallic minerals, maximum number of iron and steel industries are concentrated in Chotanagpur plateau region.
- What is an agglomeration economy?
It refers to the benefits received by the firms and people together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban countries. Centres that proves helpful to them.
For example, cities provide markets and also provide benefits such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, etc. to industries. Many industries come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centre.
- How are manufacturing industries helpful in development of nation?
Or.
What is manufacturing sector? Why is it considered the backbone of development interpreting the reason?
Or
Why is the economic growth of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries? Explain with example.
Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development:
a) The sector of economic activity which produces goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials into valuable products is considered as manufacturing. It adds value to the raw material.
b) Manufacturing sector plays an important role in development of a nation because
Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, it also reduces heavy dependence of people on agricultural income.
c) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
d) Regional disparities can also be reduced by industrial growth in tribal and rural areas.
e) Export of manufactured goods expand trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
- Why was the cotton textile industries concentrated in the cotton growing belt in the early years? Explain.
Initially, the cotton textile industries were concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. The localisation of cotton industries depends on:
a) Availability of raw material
b) Market and transport facilities, including port facilities
c) Labour
d) Moist Climate etc.
The cotton industries were concentrated in Gujarat and Maharashtra because both the states come under black soil Deccan Plateau region which facilitated the production of raw cotton and provision to port facilities. Thus it influenced the establishment of cotton textile industries here. Moreover, cheap skilled labour was also found in Gujarat and Maharashtra.
- Explain factors responsible for jute industries in Hooghly basin.
The factors responsible for establishment of jute industries in Hooghly basin are:
a) Proximity of jute producing areas
b) Inexpensive water transport
c) Kolkata, as a large urban centre, provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.
d) Kolkata is also well supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw materials to mills.
e) Cheap labour is easily available from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.
- How has the ever increasing number of industries in India made worse position by asserting pressure on existing fresh water resources?
The ever increasing number of industries in India adversely affected the fresh water resources in following ways:
a) The discharge of industrial effluent and organic and inorganic ways into rivers has resulted in water pollution.
b) Some rivers such as Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmputra, Bhamati, Cocum (Tamil Nadu) and Damodar are badly affected.
c) Industries such as petrol refineries, tanneries, electroplating industries, paper pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing industries discharge detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like mercury, lead, fertilization, plastics and carbon etc. into water bodies.
d) Fly ash, phosphorous, gypsum and iron and steel slags are major solid waste in India.
e) Over exploitation of groundwater by industries has posed a threat to groundwater resources.
- Explain the proactive approach taken by National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) for preserving the natural resources and environment.
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) has taken proactive approach for preserving the national resources and environment by adopting following measures in the power plant setup:
a) Optimum utilization of equipment
b) Adopting latest technologies and upgrading existing equipment.
c) Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilization
d) Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management
e) Ash is been used for making bricks.
f) Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicle for afforestation.
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