- Resources and development
NCERT questions:
- Multiple choice questions:
(i) Which one of the following types of resources is iron ore?
a)Renewable
b) Biotech
c) Flow
d) Non renewable
Ans. d) Non renewable
(ii) Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put?
a) Replenishable
b) Abiotic
c) Human made
d) Non-recyclable
Ans. a) Replenishable
(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
a) Intense cultivation
b) Deforestation
c) Over irrigation
d) Overgrazing
Ans. c) Over irrigation
(iv) In which of the following states is the terrace cultivation practised?
a) Punjab
b) Haryana
c) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
d) Uttaranchal
Ans. d) Uttaranchal
(v) In which one of the following states is the black soil found?
a) Haryana
b) Gujarat
c) Rajasthan
d) Jharkhand
Ans. b) Gujarat
- Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
Ans. The black soil is typical of the Deccan trap basalt region spread over Northwest Deccan Plateau. It covers the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh with extend in South East direction along the Godavari and Krishna Valley.
a) The black soil is black in colour
b) These are also known as regur soils
c) Black soil is ideal for growing cotton
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Ans. Alluvial soil is found in the eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
Main features of this type of soil are:
a) The alluvial soil consists of various portions of sand, silt, and clay.
b) These soils are very fertile.
c) Due to its high fertility, regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.
d) These soils contain an adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime, which are ideal for the growth of sugar cane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Ans. The soil in the hilly areas can be controlled by taking following steps:
a) Contour Ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
b) Terrace Cultivation: Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces. Terrace cultivation restricts soil erosion.
c) Strip cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of wind.
(iv) What are biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Ans.
a) Biotech resources are obtained from the biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries and livestock. Eg. Forest and animals are biotic resources.
b) Biotic resources consist of all those things which are composed of non-living things. Example rocks and metals, land, water and soil are also abiotic resources.
- Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why the land has under forest not increased much since 1960-61.
Ans.
a) Out of total geographical area of 3.28 million square kilometres the land use data is available only for 93%.
b) Land resource in India is primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land, land not available for cultivation or waste land.
c) Wasteland includes rocky terrain and desert areas and land used for non-agricultural purposes like housing, roads, industry etc.
d) According to recent data available, the percentage of net sown area (NSA) in India is about 54% of the total reporting area. If the other land, current fallow lands is included 22.5% is covered by forest. And 3.45% is used for grazing. The rest is a wasteland with traces of miscellaneous cultivation.
e) Improper use of forest land has led to land degradation and made conservation of forest difficult.
f) Human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, mining, quarrying etc. have also contributed to the slow growth rate of forests. Thus land under forest has increased by only about 4% since 1960-61.
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Ans. The following factors have been responsible for technical and economic development leading to over consumption of resources.
a) In colonial times imperial powers used their technological and economic superiority to establish control over other countries and thereby gain access to the latter’s resources.
b) Technical progress also results in inefficient machinery, increased production and greater consumption of resources.
c) Technological development and economic progress have led to population increasing due to higher life expectancies. This too has contributed to higher consumption of resources.
CBSE Questions:
(From the previous year board papers)
- What are renewable resources?
Ans. Renewable resources are the resources which can be renewed or reproduced by mechanical, chemical or physical processes. Eg. wind and solar energy.
- Classify resources on the basis of origin.
Ans. Resources can be classified into two types on the basis of origin.
a) Biotic
b) Abiotic
a) Biotic Resources: Resources which are obtained from the biosphere and have a life are biotic resources. Eg. forest.
b) Abiotic resources: Resources which are composed of non-living things are abiotic resources, example rocks, minerals etc.
- Resources which are found in a region but have not been utilised are termed by.
Ans. Resources which are found in a region but have not been utilised are termed by potential resources.
- What is resource planning? Why is it essential? Explain any two resources?
Ans. Resource planning is a strategy for the judicious use of resources. The indiscriminate use of resources has resulted in the sum of the major problems such as global warming, depletion of resources and environmental pollution etc. If the present trend of resource depletion continues, the future of our planet is in danger.
Therefore, resource planning is essential to prevent the depletion of resources and for the sustainable existence of all forms of life. Eg. Copper
Resource planning of copper:
India is critically deficient in the reserve and production of copper, being malleable, ductile and a good conductor. It is mainly used in electrical, cables, electronics and chemical industries. The Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh, Khetri mines in Rajasthan are leading producers of copper.
Resource Planning for iron ore:
India is endowed with fairly abundant resource of iron ore. The quality of iron ore found in India is good. Magnetite is the finest ore with a very high content of iron, up to 70%. Hematite ore is the most important industrial iron ore in terms of quantity used. But has a slightly lower iron content than magnetite 50 to 60%. In 2018 – 19 almost entire production of iron ore 97% was acquired from Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Jharkhand. The remaining production, 3%, was from the other states in the country.
- How does sustainability of resources help in development? Explain.
Or.
How is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain with examples.
Or
The question of sustainability of development raises many fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development. Explain it with example.
Ans. Sustainability of resources or development that is, sustainable development means that without sacrificing the quality of the environment of future generations, it can be a way for the economic development of a country. The goals of sustainable development are:
a) To encourage kind of development that reduces environmental damages.
b) Do not compromise with the needs of future generations for current utilization.
c) For development, the issue of sustainability is relevant because it demands that resources reserves, including exhaustible natural and environmental resources, be maintained.
Hence, sustainability of resources is important to prevent the depletion of resources and for the utilization by future generations.
Studies show groundwater in India is exhausting because of its over uses by 1/3 of the population.
- What measures can be taken to solve the problem of land degradation?
Ans. Following measures can be taken to solve the problem of land degradation:
a) Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent.
b) Planting of shelterbelts of plants.
c) Control on overgrazing.
d) Stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes.
e) Proper management of wastelands.
f) Control on mining activities.
g) Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment can reduce land degradation in industrial and sub urban areas.
- Resources are vital for any developmental activity and should not be depleted. Explain any 3 values involved in judicious use of resources.
Ans. The three values Involved in judicious use of resources are:
a) Careful use of natural resources is crucial as their over exploitation can deplete them.
b) The judicious use of resources maintains the sustainability of the resources. It will not impede the future requirements and reduces the possibilities of some of the major environmental problems.
- Enlist showing consumption and conservation of resources in your locality.
Ans. Consumption of renewable and exhaustible resources:
Natural resources
Renewable
Trees deforestation takes place for making paper by the industries.
Paper is obtained from the trees for many purposes, such as for furniture, house buildings, etc.
Water:
Groundwater is used for irrigation in the field.
It is also used for many household purposes and for creating electricity.
Exhaustible resources
Petroleum
It is used for many mechanical processes such as running automobiles, and a number of by products are made from petroleum.
Electricity (Manmade)
Electricity is a vital resource for carrying out most of our daily activities. Nowadays, even electric cars and vehicles can be seen that run on battery, used in electronics and a variety of machines.
Conservation of resources:
Conservation of trees:
Trees are planted on the road sides and looked after by the government workers.
In many localities, Van Mahotsav is celebrated every year in which a number of saplings are planted. Nurseries are developed for the trees.
Papers are recycled in order to reduce deforestation.
Today in many of the societies have decided to minimise the use of paper napkins.
Petroleum:
Various alternatives are used to reduce the uses of petroleum, such as use of CNG gas for running automobiles. Electric cars are involved to reduce dependency on petrol.
Instead of using LPG to cook food, people are switching on to electric cookers.
Carpooling is preferred instead of going individually to the same place.
- If the oil supplies get exhausted, how will this affect our lifestyle?
Ans. If oil supplies get exhausted, it will have a very ill effect on our daily lifestyle and many activities of our daily life would be restricted.
Firstly, it will affect the transport system.
We will not be able to run our locomotives.
In India, many of the houses use LPG to cook food which is extracted from petroleum. Then this task would be restricted and many of the activities and machines would stop working which involves the uses of petroleum or other by products of the same.
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