5. Minerals and energy resources

NCERT questions:

1. Multiple Choice questions:-

(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks leaving a residual mass of weathered material?

a) Coal

b) Bauxite

c) Gold

d) Zinc

Ans. b) Bauxite

(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which of the following minerals?

a) Bauxite

b) Mica

c) Iron ore

d) Copper

Ans. b) Mica

(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the strata of which of the following rocks?

a) Sedimentary rocks

b) Metamorphic rocks

c) Igneous rocks

d) None of the above

Ans. a) Sedimentary rocks

(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the monazite sand?

a) Oil

b) Uranium

c) Thorium

d) Coal

Ans. c) Thorium

2. Answer the following in about 30 words:

(i) Distinguish between the following:

Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals

 Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy

 (ii) What is a mineral?

a) Geologists define mineral as a homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with the definable internal structure.

b) Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to their softest one.

c) Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives. Almost everything we use from a tiny pen to a towering building or a big ship, all are made from minerals.

d) The railway lines and the tarmac of the roads other implements and machinery too are made from minerals.

e) Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured from minerals and run on power resources derived from the earth. Even the food that we eat contains minerals.

f) In all stages of development, human beings have used minerals for their livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious and ceremonial rights.

(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?

In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults, or joints. The smaller occurrences are called vanes and the larger are called loads. In most cases, they are formed when minerals in liquid, molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the Earth’s surface. They cool and solidify as they rise. Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead etc. are obtained from veins and lodes.

 (iv) How do we need to conserve mineral resources?

In order to conserve mineral resources, we must see to that our consumption of minerals does not increase our wants. We just remember that these resources are one of the greatest gifts of God, and we must use these in such a manner that our future generations also enjoy this gift.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words:

(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.

a) In India, coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages.

b) Namely, Gondwana, a little over 200 million years in age and tertiary deposits which are only about 55 million years old.

c) The major resources of Gondwana coal, which are metallurgical coal, are located in Damodar Valley, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro are important coal fields.

d) The Godavari, Mahanadi, Son, Varda valleys also contain coal deposits.

e) Tertiary coal occurs in the north eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.

f) Jharkhand is the largest producer where Jharia, Bokaro, Karampur Palamu are the major coal fields.

(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?

Solar energy has a bright future in India because:

a) India is blessed with plenty of solar energy as most parts of the country receive bright sun. India is a tropical country.

b) India has developed technology to use solar energy for cooking, water heating, space heating and crop drying etc.

c) It is an abundant, inexhaustible and universal source of energy and it is also pollution free.

Extra Questions:

1. Which one of the following is a non-metallic mineral?
2. a) Lead
3. b) Copper
4. c) Tin
5. d) Limestone

Ans. d) Limestone

2. Kodarma – Gaya – Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
3. a) Copper
4. b) Bauxite
5. c) Iron ore
6. d) mica

Ans. d) Mica

3. Which one of the following fuels is considered environment friendly?
4. a) Coal
5. b) Petroleum
6. c) Natural gas
7. d)

Ans. c) Natural gas

4. Which one of the following minerals belongs to the nonferrous category?
5. a) Iron ore
6. b) Manganese
7. c) Cobalt
8. d) Copper

Ans. d) Copper

5. Which one of the following states is the largest producer of manganese in India?
6. a) Jharkhand
7. b) Rajasthan
8. c) Madhya Pradesh
9. d) Odisha

Ans.  c) Madhya Pradesh.

6. Kudremukh is an important iron ore mine of ________ state.
7. a) Kerala
8. b) Madhya Pradesh
9. c) Karnataka
10. d) Andhra Pradesh

Ans. c) Karnataka: Located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka.

7. The largest solar power plant is located at ____________________, where solar energy is used to sterilize milk barrels.
8. a) Ahmedabad
9. b) Madhapur
10. c) Raipur
11. d) Ajmer

Ans. b) Madhapur

8. Which of the following states is the oldest oil producing state in India?
9. a) Andhra Pradesh
10. b) Manipur
11. c) Assam
12. d) Bihar

Ans. c) Assam

9. Which one of the following minerals is a fossil fuel?
10. a) Barium
11. b) Coal
12. c) Zircon
13. d) Uranium

Ans. b) Coal

10. Which one of the following states has the largest wind farm cluster?
11. a) Himachal Pradesh
12. b) Tamil Nadu
13. c) Gujarat
14. d) Rajasthan

Ans. b) Tamil Nadu

11. What for is Moran Hugrijan famous?
12. a) Atomic energy
13. b) Solar plant
14. c) Coal reserve
15. d) Oil field

Ans. a) Oilfield

12. Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the strata of which of the following rocks?
13. a) Sedimentary rock
14. b) Igneous rocks
15. c) Metamorphic rocks
16. d) None of the above

Ans. a) Sedimentary rocks

13. Which one of the following minerals is contained in the monazite sand?
14. a) Oil
15. b) Uranium
16. c) Thorium
17. d) Coal

Ans. c) Thorium

14. Khetri mines in Rajasthan are famous for:
15. a) Iron Ore
16. b) Mica
17. c) Copper
18. d) Limestone

Ans. c) Copper

15. Neyveli lignite mines are located at _________________.
16. a) Karnataka
17. b) Tamil Nadu
18. c) Chhattisgarh
19. d) Odisha

Ans. b) Tamil Nadu

16. Kakrapara Nuclear Power Station is located in the state of:
17. a) Maharashtra
18. b) Karnataka
19. c) Andhra Pradesh
20. d) Gujarat

Ans. d) Gujarat

17. The richest mineral belt of India is:
18. a) Himalayas
19. b) Northern plains
20. c) Coastal plains
21. d) Peninsula Plateau

Ans.  d) Peninsula Plateau

18. The finest quality of iron ore is:
19. a) Bauxite
20. b) Galena
21. c) Magnetite
22. d) Anthracite

Ans. c) Magnetite

19. Which one of the following industries limestone is basic raw material?
20. a) Aluminium smelting
21. b) Manufacturing of ferro alloys
22. c) Electrical
23. d) Cement

Ans. d) Cement

20. Low grade brown coal is called:
21. a) Magnetite
22. b) Bauxite
23. c) Lignite
24. d) Limonite

Ans. c) Lignite

21. Which of the following is an offshore oil field?
22. a) Ankleshwar
23. b) Digboi
24. c) Kalol,
25. d) Mumbai High

Ans. d) Mumbai High

22. India exports __________ minerals.
23. a) Metallic minerals
24. b) Non-metallic minerals
25. c) Ferrous minerals
26. d) Non-ferrous minerals

Ans. c) Ferrous minerals

23. Indian iron ore is mainly exported to_______________.
24. a) USA
25. b) UK
26. c) China
27. d) Japan

Ans. d) Japan

24. Bailadila mines is located in which of the following states?
25. a) Madhya Pradesh
26. b) Chhattisgarh
27. c) Jharkhand
28. d) Odisha

Ans. b) Chhattisgarh

25. Which one of the following is not a conventional source of energy?
26. a) Cow dung
27. b) Firewood
28. c) Coal
29. d) Wind

Ans. d) Wind

26. A person who studies the formation of minerals, their age, and physical and chemical properties is named as _________________.
27. a) Geographer
28. b) Geophysicist
29. c) Geologist
30. d) Geomorphologist

Ans. c) Geologist

27. Minerals obtained from veins and loads are:
28. a) Iron
29. b) Gold
30. c) Copper
31. d) Magnesium

Ans. c) Copper

28. The ocean beds are rich in.
29. a) Mica
30. b) Manganese
31. c) Gold
32. d) Copper

Ans. b) Manganese

29. Mining depends upon:
30. a) Concentration of mineral only
31. b) Age of Extraction
32. c) Nearness to the Market
33. d) All the above

Ans. d) All the above

30. Which one of the following states is the leading producer of iron ore?
31. a) Chhattisgarh
32. b) Jharkhand
33. c) Karnataka
34. d) Madhya Pradesh

Ans. c) Karnataka

31. The iron ore from Kudremukh mines is exported through this port:
32. a) Visakhapatnam
33. b) Mangalore
34. c) Marmagao
35. d) Paradeep

Ans. b) Mangalore

32. To which geological does Gondwana coal belong to?
33. a) Over 200 million years
34. b) 100 million years
35. c) 50,000,000 years
36. d) 500 million years

Ans. a) Over 200 million years (Carboniferous period)

33. Metallurgical coal __________ used in melting of iron ore:
34. a) Anthracite
35. b) Bituminous
36. c) Lignite
37. d) Peat

Ans. b) Bituminous

34. Which one of the following states is the leading producer of manganese?
35. a) Maharashtra
36. b) Tamil Nadu
37. c) Mizoram
38. d) Orissa

Ans. d) Orissa

35. Which of the following states is the oldest producer of oil?
36. a) Arunachal Pradesh
37. b) Assam
38. c) Andhra Pradesh
39. d) Gujarat

Ans. b) Assam

36. The Hazira Vijaipur Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline does not pass through this state:
37. a) Uttar Pradesh
38. b) Gujarat
39. c) Madhya Pradesh
40. d) Maharashtra

Ans. d) Maharashtra

37. Match the following:

Ans.

38. Where in India is rat hole mining practised?
39. a) Tamil Nadu
40. b) Meghalaya
41. c) Uttar Pradesh
42. d) Mizoram

Ans. b) Meghalaya

39. Which of the following minerals is mined at Balaghat mines?
40. a) Manganese
41. b) Aluminium
42. c) Copper
43. d) Limestone

Ans. c) Copper

40. For which mineral is Neyveli famous for?
41. a) Iron ore
42. b) Manganese
43. c) Lignite coal
44. d) Limestone

Ans. a) Iron Ore

41. Which of the following statements are incorrect with regard to placer deposits?
42. i) They occur as alluvial deposits
43. ii) They are corroded by water

• iii) They occur in ocean beds

1. iv) They are found in sands of the valley floors and the base of hills
2. a) i and ii
3. b) ii and iii
4. c) iii and iv
5. d) i and iv

Ans. b) ii and iii

42. Which of the following pairs of statements are incorrect?
43. i) India is rich in copper.
44. ii) Bauxite is formed by decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicate.

• iii) Maharashtra is the largest producer of bauxite.

1. iv) Maica is the most indispensable mineral used in electrical and electronic industries.
2. a) i and ii
3. b) i and iii
4. c) ii and iii
5. d) iii and iv

Ans. b) i and iii

43. Minerals need to be conserved because:
44. i) They are renewable
45. ii) They are depleting rapidly

• iii) They are needed for countries industrial development

1. iv) Their formation is very fast
2. a) i and ii
3. b) ii and iii
4. c) iii and iv
5. d) All the above

Ans. b) ii and iii

44. For which of the following minerals is Katni famous for?
45. a) Iron Ore
46. b) Mica
47. c) Copper
48. d) Bauxite

Ans. d) Bauxite

Long answer type questions:

1. Describe the impact of globalization on Indian agriculture.

Ans.

1. a) Globalization is the new trend in the world scenario which aims at integrating our economy with that of the world.
2. b) Its aim is to realise within a certain time frame.
3. c) It is based on free and open international trade which pictures that only quality and competitive goods survive the world market.

 Impact:

1. a) Indian farmers now are exposed to a new industrial environment. They would have to compete with other farmers of other countries in producing quality and competitive goods.
2. b) With the use of favourable climatic conditions and soil conditions improved and new implements, efficient labour we would have to produce goods which could compete in the world market.
3. c) India would need the technologies being used in foreign countries. Infrastructure like the development of roads, electricity and irrigation and credit facilities will have to be developed.

CBSE Questions:

(From the previous year board papers)

1. How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks?

Ans. In sedimentary rocks a number of minerals occur in strata or layers. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata. i.e., coal and iron ore.

2. Explain the formation of bauxite and name the minerals extracted.

Ans. Aluminium is a metal which is extracted from bauxite ore. It is clay like substance that alumina and later aluminium is obtained. Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates. Bauxite is found in Maikal hills, Odisha, Amarkantak plateau etc.

3. Why is sustainable energy use key to sustainable development?

Ans.

a) Sustainable energy such as wind and solar energy creates zero carbon emission.

b) Conventional energy harms the atmosphere and contributes to global warming.

c) It offsets the need for fossil fuels, which are actively increasing climate change and polluting our Earth.

4. Why is consumption of energy rising all over India?

Ans. Consumption of energy is rising all over India primarily for two reasons:

Energy sector of national economic, agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic needs input energy. Thus with increasing population and changing lifestyle, energy consumption is increasing very fast.

5. Explain the factors that make mineral extraction commercially viable.

Ans.  Following are the factors that make mineral extraction commercially viable:

a) The content of the mineral in the ore must be sufficient.

b) Extraction of minerals must be easy and less time consuming.

c) The cost of extraction must be less than the value of the minerals in the market.

d) Technical feasibility and nearness to market also plays an important role in making the mineral extraction commercially viable.

6. Differentiate between hydroelectricity and thermal electricity.

Ans.

7. Minerals and energy resources play an important role in the development of human society at all stages and every sphere of life. Explain.

Ans.

a) Minerals are an integral and indispensable part of our lives.

b) Almost everything we use, from a tiny pen to a towering building or a big ship, all are made from minerals.

c) The railway lines and the tarmac paving of the road are of minerals and machinery too are made from minerals. Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured from minerals and run on power resources derived from the earth.

d) In all stages of development, human beings have used minerals for their livelihood decoration festivities, religions, and ceremonial rites.

Minerals and energy resources play an important role in the development of human society at all stages and every sphere of life.

8. Which is the most important and abundant available fossil fuel in India? Assess the importance of its different forms.

Ans.

a) The most abundantly found fossil fuel in India is coal.

b) It provides a substantial part of the nation’s energy needs.

c) It is used for power generation to supply energy to industry as well as for domestic needs.

d) Peat has low carbon and high moisture content.

e) Lignite is used for generation of electricity.

f) Bituminous coal is most popular coal in commercial use, which has special value for smelting iron in blast furnace.

g) Anthracite is the highest quality hard coal.

9. Classify energy resources into two categories. Give two examples of each.

Ans.

Energy resources are divided into two categories:

a) Conventional sources of energy: Energy generated from fuel minerals like coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium.

b) Non-conventional sources of energy: Energy generated from renewable sources is called non-conventional sources of energy Eg. solar energy, wind energy.

10. Explain five demerits of conventional sources of energy.

Ans.

Five demerits of conventional sources of energy are:

a) Conventional sources of energy are responsible for the rising environmental pollution.

b) Conventional sources of energy are present in limited quantity in nature and are exhaustible.

c) The burning of these resources has increased the action of greenhouse gases in the environment, which has led to global warming.

d) Conventional energy resources require a large amount of capital input for their production. Moreover, rising prices of petroleum and coal due to their potential shortages leads to the burden on economies.

e) Conventional energy resources are unevenly distributed, are limited in reach and have uncertainty in their availability. Eg the Northern Plains of India are devoid of economic minerals and energy resources.

11. Why is there pressing need for using renewable energy resources in India? Explain any five reasons?

Ans.

a) There is a pressing need for using renewable energy resources in India. The conventional sources of energy are the extent of getting exhausted and there is a need for alternative sources, that is, renewable energy sources to sustain development.

b) The consumption of energy in all forms is steadily rising and is growing at a faster rate than the formation of the resources such as coal, petroleum etc.

c) The environment is getting harmed due to pollution produced by non-renewable energy resources.

d) Non-conventional sources of energy are very economical in use as compared to conventional sources.

e) The renewable energy resources are required to meet the energy needs of the growing population and preserve the environment as they are eco-friendly in nature and are inexhaustible.

f) India lies in the tropical zone and is fairly rich in the availability of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind etc. and should utilise it.

12. How can solar energy solve the energy problems to some extent in India? Give your opinion.

Ans.

a) Solar energy can solve the energy problem in India to some extent because India is a tropical country.

b) It has enormous possibilities of trapping solar energy.

c) Solar energy is an important alternate source, like wind energy.

d) The use of solar energy will be able to minimise the dependence of rural households in firewood and dunk cakes, which causes a lot of pollution.

e) Use of solar energy will reduce the dependence on conventional sources of energy.

13. India should harness the geothermal energy to meet the growing consumption of energy. Justify the statement?

Ans.

a) Energy resources are required to maintain the development and economic growth.

b) Conventional sources of energy are finite and are non-renewable because of their over exploitation and growing population.

c) They are at the end of exhausting. In such circumstances, it becomes vital for a country like India, with such an enormous population, to switch on to renewable energy sources.

d) Geothermal energy is non-conventional sources of energy and is used to generate electricity from the heat obtained from the earth’s crust.

e) Two experimental projects have been set in India to harness geothermal energy. One is located in the Parvati valley near Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh and the other is located in the Puga valley, Ladakh.

Hence, India should harness the geothermal energy to lead the growing consumption of energy.

14. Energy saved is energy produced. Explain.

Ans.

a) Saved energy is generated energy.

b) We cannot continue to produce resources including gas, diesel and electricity which are not sustainable.

c) India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world.

d) We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited energy resources.

e) As responsible citizens, we can take following measures to conserve energy.

i) Using public transport system or car pooling

ii) Using power saving devices

iii) Switching off electricity equipment when not in use

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